Journal: Diabetologia

Article Title: Locally delivered GLP-1 analogues liraglutide and exenatide enhance microvascular perfusion in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes

doi: 10.1007/s00125-019-4918-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: GLP-1R inhibition does not alter the skin microvascular response to liraglutide in healthy individuals. Each participant ( n =15) had 4 treatment sites, each receiving two microinjections: saline site (saline followed by saline); exendin-(9,39) (exendin-(9,39) followed by saline); liraglutide (saline followed by liraglutide); exendin-(9,39) liraglutide (exendin-(9, 39) followed by liraglutide). ( a ) Stabilised response, data presented as median (25th–75th percentile). ( b ) Total response, data presented as mean (SD). The skin perfusion response at the saline site was significantly lower than the response (stabilised and total) at the liraglutide site (** p <0.01 by Wilcoxon signed rank test for stabilised response; by paired t test for total response). Pretreatment by microinjection of exendin-(9,39) did not alter the microvascular response to liraglutide (liraglutide site vs exendin-9,39 liraglutide site, p ≥0.609 by Wilcoxon signed rank test for stabilised response; by paired t test for total response)

Article Snippet: The role of NO in mediating the microvascular actions of GLP-1 analogues was examined in cultured human microvascular endothelial cells (HCMEC/D3 cell line) [ ] by assessing the effects of exenatide (100 pmol/l) (Isca Biochemicals, Exeter, UK) and liraglutide (10 nmol/l) (Isca Biochemicals) on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation (phosphorylation) and nitrate levels.

Techniques: Inhibition, Saline, Microinjection

Journal: Diabetologia

Article Title: Locally delivered GLP-1 analogues liraglutide and exenatide enhance microvascular perfusion in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes

doi: 10.1007/s00125-019-4918-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Exenatide and liraglutide increase eNOS phosphorylation and nitrate levels. ( a ) eNOS phosphorylation: after initial starvation, human microvascular endothelial cells (HCMEC/D3s) were treated with exenatide and liraglutide for 10 min. Controls were treated with 0.1% BSA medium only. Phosphorylation data were normalised to total eNOS ( n =8). ( b ) Nitrate levels: HCMEC/D3s were treated with exenatide and liraglutide for 24 h ( n =9). Controls were treated with medium only. For both ( a ) and ( b ), data are expressed as percentage of control, with control set at 100%, and are presented as median (25th–75th percentile). * p <0.05, ** p <0.01 vs control, Wilcoxon sign rank test.

Article Snippet: The role of NO in mediating the microvascular actions of GLP-1 analogues was examined in cultured human microvascular endothelial cells (HCMEC/D3 cell line) [ ] by assessing the effects of exenatide (100 pmol/l) (Isca Biochemicals, Exeter, UK) and liraglutide (10 nmol/l) (Isca Biochemicals) on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation (phosphorylation) and nitrate levels.

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Control